Covering.



I. H. IVIUNRO.

. COVERING.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. I9. 1912. RENEWED MAY 14.1917.

Patented Dec. 18, `1917'.

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J. H. MUNRO.

covElmNG. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 19x 1912- RENE ,250,623

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Patented. Dee. 18, 1917.

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Application sied November 19, 1912, serial No. 732,319. neneweii May 14, 1917. `serial No. 168,591.

To all 'iv/0m it may concern:

v:Be itfknown that I, JAMES I-I. MUNno,jof

Pen Argyl,Pennsylvania,liave invented certain Improvements in Coverings, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on drawings designating like parts. 1 v f rI`his invention relates to coverings for roofs and other` surfaces, and is of: special utility when embodied'in construction of covering units possessing some of theproperties of roofing tiles, as, for example, the ease with which they may be handled, their durability, land their weatherproof Aand fireproof qualities, it being understood however that I contemplatethe utilization of my improvements in any field for which they are adapted by their nature.'- 'f An important object of my invention is to" provide a roof-covering of the type in which a foundation. of concrete orboards, known as the roof'deck7 is provided with what is known to the trade as a lbuilt-up water-` proofing composed of several 4layers `of tar paper cemented together with hot pitch and laid over the foundation., this biiilt-up waterproofing being usually covered by tiles ycemented to the water-proofing with a mastic or bituminous material or embedded 111::

Portland cement concrete, but my improved roofing being free from the sei'ious objections to existing methods which result from the expansion. of the tile and concrete in very hot weather, acting either to foiceroutA the-wall or the pai'apet of' the roof, or else4 to cause a bulge or blister ofthe tiling itself,

breaking thecontinuity of the roof and 'destroying its water-proof character as well asy destroying its smoothness for traffic. lVhen E mastic is used as the material in which k,to set the tiles, the heatfcausesthe bituminous materials to expand between the tilesandv to come above the tiles in narrow rolls which 'are kicked ofl" because they do not retire again into place, and then when contraction c takes place in cold weather there are voids left in many places sufficientito allow water to get down under the tile and there freeze, 1

lifting the tile up and making thev roofing uneven. y

'here a lcement concrete has been used as the layer' in which thetiles are to'be eni- Specification of Letters Patent,

shape or size,

i ieatentedgneef-1s, 1915i the tiles does not constitute ture with the water-proofing bi'itsimply lies thereuponby reason of its weight, so that water, which gets beneathy the saine, will freeze in winter and lift the' cement bed# ding. l v i Incontra-distinction to the above struc# tures, andv in order to overcome the objections above' noted, -I provide a thinsh'eet of pre-cured cement, made` of any desired stratum in the later application of 'the surface covering proper, whether'the'latter be a layer of tiles embedded in cement secured to the anchorage, or whether, in accordance with another important feature of my in sheet or sheets of anchorage.

the anchoragesheet of 'thin pre-cured cement materials usedinv ordinary practice,'so that poses. p Y

Where the-surface to becovered is of Stich area that provision should be made for` expansion of the covering, I preier not to lplace tliese'janchorage sheets close together but to s1`iacethemapart`by suitable means', as, for example, a temporary strip of'wood, butIprefer to use as the'spacing device stripsgof flexible bituminous 'materiaL the height of the spacingstripsl being that ofthe covering when finished'.

T his anchorage sheet of cement is not onlyl united tothe water-proofing in the above de# scribed manner, but it serves also asa per" fect anchorage for the cementthereafter used as a bed forthe tiles or for securing any desired surfacecovering members,-

which may, as above noted, take the form of sheets-of pre-curedcement,'similar to those sion to serve 'as an anchorage vention, the surface covering consists of cement applied to, 1thel 'I f 75 In accordance with myin-vention, I unite c f cure the surface sheets of pre-cured cement; or the anchorage layers may have hair or` fibers projecting to engage the cement mortai-,and ifvthe surface sheets of this cement are utilized, l prefer to have their back rough similarly to engage the cement mortar. Oneor both of said sheets, that is the wearing surface of the top sheet of concrete, is'k preferably made of water-proof concrete to prevent the absorption of moisture;

also to prevent the evaporation of the cement4 mortar used to unite the layers until the cement mortar shall have been thoroughly cured and hardened.V y

This cementmortar may be of any suitable material, as, for example, Portland cement, or a bituminous cement.

By the use of an anchorage layer formed of these sheets of concrete, l am enabledto adapt my improved covering readily to any contour, so that a very uneven roof can ybe readily provided with a thoroughly waterproof and fire proof covering, inasmuch as when the surface covering of concrete or tiles has been applied to the anchorage layer, inv accordance with my invention, the completed covering constitutes a solid concrete slab made of any desired thickness or size, and the deck surface need not require any finishing work after being laid, because the desired finish can Vbe provided in the course of manufacture vat the factory, or wherever the sheets or sections have been made.

The objectof the small dividing strip placedbetween the sections is to keep the rigid tile and cement apart and make provision for expansion, and for this purpose the strip may be taken out, if a temporary strip has been used and the space filled by pouring in the hot bituminous cement or by or use may be made, as already noted, of a.

small bituminous strip, of the desired height.

and thickness, set in place when the anchorage layer of thin concrete is being cemented to the water-proofing with the bituminous material.

The various features of my invention will be illustrated and describedfullyx in the accompanying drawings and specification and setfortli in the claims.

In the drawings, Y

Figure 1 is a view` in plan of part of a roof in the construction of which my inven- Y tion has been embodied;

Fie'. E?,r is a view in vertical section taken filling the joint up with roofing cement; Y

curve at the eaves.

"In the embodiment of my invention selectedV for illustration and descriptionto enable ready and complete understanding of my improvements, the parts designated by the reference numeral 1 are sheets of thin pre-cured cement which, in accordance with myinvention, constitutes arportion of an anchorage layer, superimposed in the ginstance illustrated by way of example upon water-proofing 2 consisting of one or more layers of prepared paper cemented with hot pitch upon the roof deck 3 formed of a foundation of boards 4 (see Fig. 2), or, as 'indicated therein at 5, of concrete.

rIheaiichorage sheet 1 is preferably sec ured to the built-up waterfproofing byliot pitch, or similar bituminous material 6 so that it becomes a part of the water-proofing and no water can get under it, anditmay also be secured by suitable fastening devices, as the nails 8.,.

When the area 1s such a's'to make itrdeA sirable to provide for expansion, the sheets 1 are preferably spaced apart, for which purpose use may be made of any suitable means to insure uniformity of spacing, as, for example, a temporary strip of wood 10 of the height of the vfinished roofingLor strips ofV flexible bituminous material lmay be used as shown at 12, forming a permanent part ofthe finished roofing. At 14 I havefshownY al space formed by use of one ofthe wooden spacing strip 10, and thereafter filled with the nature of a concrete block, so that thev resultant covering presents av waterproof and ireproof surface structure firmly united` to the roof-deck and capable of resisting. theintrusion ofv moisture with consequentY damage by frost. The surface layerrQO'rmay be of any suitable composition, as for example comprising tilesv 21 or sheets Q10, as indicated in Fig. 1 diagrammatically, and

more in detail inthe subsequent figures, to

be described.

VTo provide forthe desired union between i the anchorage, bedding and surface layers,

any vsuitable construction of the respective" uponavehicle 27 of suitablematerial, such as burlap or unwovenV fibers if itis desired; to have the sheets vflexible the proximatey .l Vmaigins'23of the bars. being preferably molded to constitute' overhanging` keys, bctweenl which the material of the bedding layer 30 preferably entersat theV ltime of itsapplication in plastic state,'forming ten- Other forms of bonding beadopted,;

as found desirable, for example by forming the anchorage sheets in the shape of dovetail bars 260, as shown in Fig. 4, in staggered relation Von each side of a sheetof fabric V270, so that the waterproofing cement 60. enters from below to form tenons 6G, and the bedding cement 30 enters. from above to form tenons So, also, in Fig. 3, the bonding is provided forA by yfibers 34: sown in the cement anchorage layer 11, and entering the bedding layer 35. If desired, the anchorage layer may be relatively inflexible, as in the instance shown by way of example at 11, although if fractured the fibers will tend to hold together 'the broken parts.

By the use of a flexible anchorage layer 1, however, I have provided means to compensate for considerable irregularities of contour in thebuilt-up waterproofing 2, whether due to its structure or that of the underlying roof-deck 3, so that however wavy may be the anchorage layer 1, its function of providing intimate union with the builtup waterproofing 2, below, and with the surface layer 20. above. is not impaired, since the bedding layer 30 of cementitious substance is bonded at 31 to the anchorage layer 1, however irregular the latter, and the cementitious layer 30 affords a perfect bedding for a level surface layer 20, however the latter may be constituted, and in the selection of materials therefor a wide choice f is permissible.

scribed, ifthe area of the covering war.

rants the provision for expansion. Thus, we have a perfectly solid block composed of tbe tiles 21. presenting a level, wearproof surface, inalterable by frost, and imipermeable by moisture, while the under surface of the tile is in permanent union with the waterprcong and corresponds exactly in contour with the supporting deck, these advantages being secured by the provision of my novel anchorage layer 1, which can be laid easily. and quickly vover largesurl faces, being transportable inV flatV or rolled@ sheet units of extensive size. -w

No specially skilled workmanshipv is necessary for-its installation; itsuniformity "of quality can beinsured bymaking and pref.A

vcuring it under favorable conditions-with skilled labor at thel manufactory,and after itlias beenlaid the xc'ompletionof the cov`- ering by applyinggthe bedding 30 andthe:

tiles 20can be'accomplished quickly by.

workmen of average skill, Vno specialfin-rA struction being required, as the bondingati 31 effects itself automatically. i

One of, the most important features of my. invention, is the further combinationof these fiexible sheets .which I have devised, and of which an example is illustrated in Fig. 5, where the surface layer 20 comprises a *sheet of lliexible stone .concrete formed ofk members 26 as already described and laid? upon the bedding 30 after the lat-terhas been applied'in plastic formto the anchor-i age layer 1, superimposed upon the built-up waterproofing 2 supported bythe roof deck r3, thefastening means comprising bituminous cement and nails 8, either or both, in the instance illustrated. j v

By this combination ofsheets 1 and 20 in the inverted relation illustrated, the bedding cement 30 is admitted to form tenons 3l in union with each of the layers,.and

where thebedding layer 30 is of olea'ginous material itA is 'prevented' from. drying out,

Vthe surface layer 20 being continuous in .the

instance illustrated, and preferably formed of waterproofv cement, felted with fibers at the surfaces.

kThis type of combined flexible layers isv particularly useful for application to surfaces presenting abrupt cli'angesof contour, as to the curved gutter above the eaves of a` roof, represented at 10, in Fig. 5, where the bars may be narrower.

The completed covering constitutes a solid cement block in'which the fiexible elements 1 and 2O andthe plastic element 30 have lost their formative characteristics,v and together make a rigid, homogeneous, unitary structural member united permanently to the roof deck, in such .a manner as to prevent intrusion of moisture beneath the block, and presenting a wear yproof surface like` Wise impervious to water. Expansion joints may be provided at suitable intervals between adjacent units, and at 42 one such f joint is illustrated by way of example, filled with a suitable roofing cement, preferably of a bituminous character.

. Having illustrated and described my invention thus fully, and suitable means by which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to the specific materials and forms of construction selected for illustration and dej do I limit myself otherwise than as set forth in the claims read ,in connection lwith this specification.

lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure Vby Letters Patent of the United States ofv America is:

l. The combination with a foundation, of a flexible pre-cured cement covering unit constituting a portable structural element secured upon said foundation and serving as an anchorage; a bedding layer of cementitious material upon said cement anchorage; and a second portable, flexible precured cement covering unit embedded in said cement bedding and constituting a surface element of the unitary, cement, covering-structure comprising said anchorage, bedding and surface elements.

2. The combination with a roof-deck comprising wooden members, and a waterproofing upon said deck comprising laininae of fibrous material secured together by a pitohy Copies of this patent may be obtained for or bituminous cement, of an anchorage layerV of stonehke cement 'secured by nails passing' through said waterproofing into said wooden members, and united to said lamina@ by saidv ylayer comprising sheets of preoured cement spaced like said anchorage sheets and vsecured thereto by plastic cement to form aL series of unitary cement blocks;

Signed at Newark in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, this sixth clay of November, 1912.

JAMES H. MUNRO.

Witnesses: f

A. S. GILBERT, HERMAN M. BUEHLER.

five cents each, by addressing the Gdmmissionerof Eatents, Washington, D. C. Y 

